Mechanics Tool Set

Nuclear magnetic resonance with no magnets

Spectroscopy with conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) requires large, expensive, superconducting magnets cooled by liquid helium, like the one in the background. The Pines and Budker groups have demonstrated NMR spectroscopy with a device only a few centimeters high, using no magnets at all (foreground). A chemical sample in the test tube (green) is polarized by introducing hydrogen gas in the parahydrogen form. The sample’s NMR is measured with an optical-atomic magnetometer, at center; laser beams crossing at right angles pump and probe the atoms in the microfabricated vapor cell.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool for chemical analysis and, in the form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an indispensable technique for medical diagnosis. But its uses have been limited by the need for strong magnetic fields and big, expensive, superconducting magnets. Now Berkeley Lab scientists and their colleagues have demonstrated that they can do NMR in a zero magnetic field without using any magnets at all.

Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ), a scientific technique associated with outsized, very low-temperature , superconducting magnets , is one of the principal tools in the chemist’s arsenal, used to study everything from alcohols to proteins to such frontiers as quantum computing. In hospitals the machinery of NMR’s cousin, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is as loud as it is big, but nevertheless a mainstay of diagnosis for a wide range of medical conditions.

It sounds like magic, but now two groups of scientists at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley, one expert in chemistry and the other in atomic physics, long working together as a multidisciplinary team, have shown that chemical analysis with NMR is practical without using any magnets at all.

Dmitry Budker of Berkeley Lab’s Nuclear Science Division, a professor of physics at UC Berkeley, is a protean experimenter who leads a group with interests ranging as far afield as tests of the fundamental theorems of quantum mechanics, biomagnetism in plants, and violations of basic symmetry relations in atomic nuclei. Alex Pines, of the Lab’s Materials Sciences Division and UCB’s Department of Chemistry, is a modern master of NMR and MRI. He guides the work of a talented, ever-changing cadre of postdocs and grad students known as the “Pinenuts” – not only in doing basic research in NMR but in increasing its practical applications. Together the groups have extended the reach of NMR by eliminating the use of magnetic fields at different stages of NMR measurements, and have finally done away with external magnetic fields entirely.

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